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HomeMy WebLinkAboutO-205-♦ OiDIT;ATTCE ITO. 205 !ITT 0' �DITTATTCL TO AUTHORIZE THE I SSUAT: CE BY ^T;E C I T" OF FA I I - HOPE OF q";81,000 PRINCIPAL AITOUTIT OF GE"E:,AL OBLIGATICI: SDLR BONDS TO Rai S', FUTIDS FOR THE CCT; STRUCT-- ICT' OF SE;'.ERS ITT TIM CITY BE IT ORDAIYED by the City Council of the City of Fairhore as follo is Section 1. Definitions. The following words and phrascs shall have the following respective r-eaninCs h.-reir : "City" deans the :municipal corporation of Fairho.�e in the State of Alabana, ar.d any municipal corporation result- ing from any merger or consolidation thereof riJ th anot'-.er municipal corporation. "Council" means the governing body of the city as from time to ti-no constituted. "Bonds" neans those issued hereunder. "Cot:pons" means those issued in puns uance hereof and evidencing the interest on the applicable bond. "Callable bonds" means those of the bonds numbered fro.T 7 to Fl, inclusive. "Newspaper" rrea-ns a newspaper printed in the English language not less often-ti.an six days during each calendar week and having general circulation in the locality specified. "Financial journal" means a journal having national circulation devoted primarily to ne::•s of financial matters. "Holder" then lased in conjimction T7itr bonds or coupons means the person who is in pos:Fssion and the apparant ovarer of tl-e Cesignated item. "Herein.", "hereby", and "hereof", and other equiva- lEnt .:ords, refer to this ordinance and not solely to any particular portion thereof in which any such word is Used. Lefinitions include both singular and plural. Pronouns include both sinCula^ and plural and cover all genders. Section 2. Author i-ation of bends. Purs►zar_t to the applicable provisions of the constitution arc la�.s of the State of Alabama, incluc4 ng partic»larly Chapter i of Title 37 of the Code o" Alalana of 1940, as amended, and pursuant to authority so to do ;ranted at an'election of the qualified electors of the city held in the city on T'ay 9, 1950, there are hereby authorized to bo issued by the city its General Obligation Server Donds to the extent of ,181,000 in principal a-ount for ti-e purpcso of con- structsng senors in the city. 63 Section 3. Description of _bonds. the bonds shall consist of eighty-one coupon bonds numbered co::s:,cutively from 1 to 81, inclusive, shall be in the denomination of N1,000 each, shall be dated July 11 1950, and shall nature as follows: Bond Numbers Aggre,ate Principal (both inclusive) T".aturity dates Amount 1'atiirin7 1 to 3 July 11 1951 331000 4 to 6 ou1y 11 1952 3,000 7 to 9 July 19 1953 3,000 10 to 13 July 11 1954 4,000 14 to 17 July 11 1955 41000 18 to 21 July 11 1956 41000 22 to 25 July 11 1957 41000 26 to 29 July 11 1, 1958 1959 4,000 41000 30 to 33 July 34 to 37 July 17 1960 4,000 38 to 41 July 11 1961 41000 42 to 45 July 11 19("-2 49000 46 . to 5o July 19 1963 51000 51 to 55 Jul; 11 1964 51000 56 to 6o July 11 1965 5,000 61 to 65 July 11 1966 5,000 66 to 70 Jaly 11 1967 5,000 to 1969 6;000 76 to 61 July 11 The bonds shall bear interest from their date until their r.:spective rat rities a t such rate or rates, not exceeding 35 per annum, as may be i,ereafter fixed by ordinance of the C1t'T, ani at the rate of 6 ; per ar_nun after their respective r atiirities. Such interest prior to and at naturity shall be payable sc-,i- anrLially on January 1 and Ji ly 1 and shell bn evic- ~iced by coupons attacr,eO to the bonds. The I;o-ds and. the co -eons s'lall be payable in lawful coney of the United States of !!rerica at the principal offi cc of the T.'ercha`Jts Naticnal ! nli of T"obilc, in tie City of .:obile in }he ;tote of Alabama. Section 4. Execution of bonds. The bergs shall be signed in b half of the city by its Payor and by tho city treasurer, and the corporate sepl of the city s_iall be affixed to each thereof. The coupons shall bea r the facsimile sigraturEs of said hayor and treasurer, vThich facsimile si.-Patures stall b,-, valid in all respects as if the said officers had sil gnec the same t.n y)ersor. Ccction 5. ',Pc r�Dt-i ot1 nrovi.sior--. The callable bent: s -ay be called for redemption prior to riatur ty, as a vrrole or in part, at the option of the city, on ar.y interest pa„mcnl da+e Tin and after July 1, 1952; provided, that if less tr.an all of 1`11 callable bonds at the time ootstanctn- are called for rejPm1)ticn tt:cn ti'c sare --tall rc called in Lhe inversp order of he it niu bars. ,any such redemption shall bE, at the face value of the bones 7edcc7- cd plus accrued interest to the redemption date and plus the fcllov-ing applicable premir�-: if the rT�demption date i ; on or prior to July 1, 19559 a ,,remiun equal to tv:elve months' i ­1t,2rest cor -- uted at the rate or rates the bends redcared would bea , or the reda,zrt_on date had they not been callad for redcp--ion; _f trio rec pti or date is after Jul; 1, 1955, and or or prior 1-o J,11, 1, 1960, a premium equal to six mcnths' interest corput:.d at the rate or rates the bonds redeemed v.ould b :ar on the rc,demptici. dat,- raa they not Lcen called for redemption; and if the rFdc, tpior (c. to is after "t_l. }, 1'60, vithcut An, such cell for redo 'prior ;hall be cffPcted in the folio% ink 7arrer: (,) The City by resolution of the council shall call for redemption on a st-ted date callable bonds bearing stated numbers. (2) The city shall cause to be published one time in a nevrspnper published in the City of Birmingham, Alabama, a notice stating the numbers of the callable bones which have bcEn so called for redemption, am st�',tin­, that the callable bonds bearing such numbers shall become due at the redemption price on the d-te specified. In the event there is no nevispaper published in the City of Birmingham, Alab-ma, on the d•te specified by the council for the publication of such notice, then such notice shall be published one time in a financial journal rubl.;shed in the ,City of New York, Neiy-york: . Ah:�­such notice shall be published not less than thirty days prior to the redemption rate. All of the callable bonds so called for redemption shall become due and payable at the place at Tihich the Game shall be payable, at the redemption price'and on the redemption date specified in such notice, anything herein or in the bonds to the contrary notwithstandinC. The bank at which the callable bonds are payable shall not be requires, to pay any coupon maturing on the redemption date rhich is applicable to any (payment; provided, that in the event such bank should pay any such coupon without payment of,the applicable callable bond it shall not be lialbe to the holder of such applicable call- able bond or to the city or to anyone t;h-msoever; and provided further, that any such bank shall pay such coupon out of the moneys supplied to it by the city for such purpose if tre hold- er thereof shall present evidence satisfactory to such b=-rti. that such holder is the ocrner of the coupon so present(d ind is not the owner of the callable bond to which such coupon is applicable. Section 6. Pledge. The bonds shall be and constitute €,eneral obligaticns of the city for the payment of the princi- pal of q)K,interest on which the full faith and credit of the city are hereby irrevocably nledged. In addition trereto there is hereby further irrevocable Llecged(,for payment of the princi- pal of and interest on the bonds, without preference or prior- ity of one of the bends over another, so much as miy be nec- essary for such purpose of the addition^1 annual ad valorem tax of 112 of 1 per centum authorized by Amnncment VIII to the Constitution of Alabama of 1901 to be levied and collectec by the city for the purpose of paying bones issued after the adoption of said amendment and the interest thereon. The city hereby agrees that so long as any )orticn of the p-incipcl of or interest on the bonds rem -ins unpaid the city Y-ill annually levy and provide for tre collection of the said additinnol ad valorem tax rat the times and in the manner provided by the laws of Alabama and --ill apply so much of the pro -eels receiv- eO therefrom as may be nece nary to pay the princip<n1 of and interest on the bcncs as the said principal 9nd interest respectively mature. Section 7. Payment at Dar. The banking institu- tion at v:h;ch the bonds are payable, by acceptance of its duties hereunder, shall be construed to have aCreed thereby -•ith the holders of the bonds and the coupons that it , gill make all remitt—ces of principal of and interest on the bonds and coupons out of moneys supplied to it by the city for such pur- ros:� it bankable funds at Par -and v:ithout deduction for ex- change, fees or er_renses. The city agrees with the holders of t.ic bonds and the coupons and with the said Lanking i1 stitution that it will pay all charges for exchange, fees or expenses - hich may be trade by such bank it the making of rz!nittanccs in an. -able funds of the principal of and interest cn the bends and th,, coupons at nar. Section: S. Form o" bonds. The bonds and the coupons -Ball be in substantially the following forms with appropriate chargEa therein to conform to the provisions hereof: T'o . (Fora of Bond) UNITED STATES OF .52.:EItICA STATE; CF ALABA:"A CITY 07 FAI.tT OPE GL'I'E.{AL OBLIGATIC'TI STs�LT, BOTTD 101,000 Cn the 1st day of J•1y, 19 , for value received, tLe City of Fairhope (herein called "the city"), a murioi-al corporation in the State or Alabama, prom scs to y)ay to tloe buarF,r hereof the principal ,um of C TN E T H C U S A "T. D D 0 L L A R S i ;th intcro�t thereon f rcn the date hereof until the -aturit:• hereof at the rato of per annum payable seni-arni,all. on Jc.,iar;r 1 and July 1 in each year until maturity hereof upon su.rrence:^ of the annc;.ed interest co•.zpers as -she same - (, .ally rat-i.re. Bet)^ the principal hereof arC. interest here- on are payable in laT-rful honey of the UnitE•d States of Aneri ca at the principal office of The :'erchants Yational Bank of T-o'.,ile, in the City of '"obile in tha State of Alabar-a. This is one of a drly authorized issue of bonds ire the aggregztc principal ar-ount of N61,000 numbered from 1 to L1, incl-sive (here'.1 n culled "the bonds") , vrhi c'z ::ave :DEon ucd lour. siiar.t t^ the applicable provisions of the coast; tii- tior arc: laces of Ala aama, includ in, particularly Chapter C of ^'tle 37 of the Ccae of Alabama of 1940, ap arerCed, and ar election duly called and held in tl e city or T-uY, 97 1950 arra proceed' ngs d,.ly a(opted b,; the govPrni.r_g body of the ci y for tre-wlrrosF of constructi-,g scy.,:,,rs in the CI+ -Jr. Those of t',c l er ds-atiiri n� in 1953 :..nd thereafter are subject to rFdr-mp- t;on at the option of tie city on any irtc,rest pay!r.ent 6ate cn and after Jill., 11 1952, aE a ::hole or in part in inv(.rso nur erical orCor, after not less than thirty d,,y^' prior pub- lished notice, at the face value, t'iereof plus accrued inter—st thereon to the redemption cute and plus tl.e following ;.p,)11c- a',12 nremiun.: if the re.derntir.n cute i s on or prior to J>>ly 1, 1a;5, a ^rcminm_equal to tr.,ely) r nrtYs' interest ccmnuted at the „ate or rates the t-rc,s redeer,cd vrou]( bear on the reder,p- ti nn 6ata I.ac they not b:Pn e,-'I ed for reder ration; i'' the rcderp- tion. Cate " s a " ,cqr J^ly 11 1955, and' on oi• prior to July 1, lq(0, a rrer iun onu ,l _o s'x r-onths' in�re:•t cor , tPC au tz.e r•-te or ratcs '..:e r,-r. s o,,10 near cr t',e rP(-Enrtirr bate ' aO t' c. not -.,fled for ar(l if tl.E ­d cmr- `ion Gate is of to D,1�- 1, 1%r 1-1t�,c-'t I Y'er,i lm. TI-n indebtedness c.vic cr ct d >>_, thi s tont' i,' a ,;cw'.ral obligation of the ci.t� .'o: thu pay, -(ant of the principal of a) d ir-iterust on wlf ch tho full i_ ith arc, crf-dit of thr, city have been irrevocably pledged. It 1 .a r� been asee. tair(-.6 and found an(=: it is ..ereby certified and? 1,ccitPc that all crrC1t',,-ns, actions anc+ ';1., n-- ro; uired by the constitution anO laws of Alabara +c (,xis}, l rerforrned or lapnen precedent 1-o or in the iss>>ance of this bond: arc the creatinr of tho indeb'-�-dness evidenced herrb3 Pxist, have boon ;performed and have happened, -r..t' ti.a' '.hP i~doh+, anoss evi deuce d by this bond, to. -than viith all other indebtedness of the city, was when incurred and nova is ithi r overl, debt ar.e other li mi - so-ib-H by the const' ti.,- ti c r arlafts of GlLba.: a. ITT '._IT"LSS IMREOF, the city has caused t} is bore lr be executed.in its behalf by its ,rayor and its city trey:-iircr, has caused its corporate seal to bp hereunto affi,er', ',as caused the annexed int,rest coupors to 1-c (,rccutcd i t' thy: facsimile signa+iires of the said mayor and and has caused this bond to be dated July 11 1950. CITY OF FAI7,H0PE By L46.4��� T`ayor Dy City Treasurer (7 C'rrl cf Cc111)0n) Co, non 1To . On the 1st day of , 19 , The Cit-, of Fa; rropo in the Lo ate of Alabaria rrcrises to l)ay '_o tr_e bearer hereof', at the principal offic^ of t' e . '"crc' a is 7-ticn.u1 3an'_-. of ;'nl-i le, in the Cit - of 7obile it the State of Alabar a, Dollars in la-7ftz;. rore,T rf t::_ 'Tr i tod Statcs of America, bEing six mcr J,s' i •E st tl.an di e on the General Obligation Se-er Bo ­id of t',Q City of Fai rho-e dated JuI-,T J , 191:�0, anu numb -red 1!ayor City Treasurer Follo7rira tre ratii.rity date in the first lire of fl c first na-a�,raph of each of the callable bends, there shall be r scrted the follor in ,: "(ur-less this bond shall '.aye beer. duly calle:.Y for nrioy payr-ent) ," Followin tti,o matiirit; crate of earl coupon due cn and after Jan>>ar;T 1, 15�"?, +r ero shall b�, irse-�ted the �'ol.loT irg: .rft 11(1:r1.Fss t.'ie bend tc 1-1-4c}, t'�is co»ron i s ap )11 cable :' all have been auly c lled for prior pay- mer t) 111 Section 9. Contractiial rrovisions. ^he prow si —s of this ordira.nce s-all consti tutu a contract bf t een cl e city ar_'a each holder of the bonds and co,lpons. Section 1C. .'ev(� ral-i lj ty. The va-^i cus rrovi si ons of ti-ts ordinance are l.ereby cclared to be s-�ter;:ble. In -,'L.e event any provision 1,erco{ shall be Yield invalid by a court of compeQ' or)t risCiction sucl_ ir_valid2+y ;h ll not affect an;;r othe^ not-tior. of this ordinance. Section 11. Sale of bonds . The l,o ds ray be ,ol(' as a -role or in part, and if r,old in art tr,i-n they may bf. cold fron, tiwc to time in s, cti, mannc Aid a+ such times and unCer :•itch conditions as mar h(--_etcfore have been fixed or ray hereafter be `'ixcc by resolutions of tl,e counci' fror, tc tire aC o;)ted. The proceeds derivec' from the sale of the bc)-ds s',all b-. iiscd solely for the purpose for which tr,e ^ar,.- are authorized to be issued. Adopted and approve-. B's- 12th day of Jlzl,,, 1950. 1'ayor Aut�lenicat,�d: City Olerk TS y Of _ air o the,' ti�t€1� shall b� fracl ..fir; ; -. Ordinance No. LU4 lice. A stopcock vxve must be install- ed in the 5jn-a pipe line in an easily Be it ordained by the City Coun- accessible place at each appliance cil of the City of Fairhope, Ala- with a /f�nion in the line after each bama, as follows: stopcp k. When flexible tubing is SECTION 1. That the Mayor be used, the stoppcock must be in - and is hereby authorized and direct- stalled before the commencement ed to appoint a Gas Inspector and of the tubing. such assistant gas inspectors as in All horizontal sections of pipe his opinion may be necessary to shall be fastened securely in .place carry out the purposes of this or- with pipe hooks or straps of dur- dinance, and which said Gas Inspec- able strength. Hooks shall not be for and his assistants are hereby used for fastening pipe over one authorized, empowered and direct- and one-half (13c) inch in diameter. ed to inspect and supervise the in- Spacing between hooks or straps stallation construction, reconstruc. to be close enough to prevent sag- tion and repair of all house gas pip- ging of the ,pipe line. ing, gas appliances, fixtures and Bending of wrought iron or steel Apparatus now or hereafter to be pipe shall not be done at any time. placed in or in any manner directly Ells or tees to be used in making attached to any building or strut- any turn in piping system. Tees ture within the municipality. The must be used to make any turn in said Gas Inspector and his assist- the `ha"rizontal sections of pipe line ants shall be subject to the orders and at the base of all vertical sec. and directions of the Mayor, and tions of the line. Ells may be used are hereby vested with full author- to make turns at the top of any ity to enter any building, or prem- vertical section of the line. ices at any reasonable time in the Flexible tubing approved by the discharge of their duties herein im- American Gas Association, or any posed. recognized agency, may be Isuch Only a person or persons approv- I f used in connecting gas ranges, re- frigerators, hotplates, space heat- ed by the Gas Inspector, as a qual- ers, or small burners such as used ified gas fitter and licensed by the in laboratories. All other appli- City of Fairhope, will be permitted antes must be connected with to perform gas pipe or gas appi 'wrought iron or steel pipe. once installations to the Gas Sys- All pipe -cutter burrs must be tem owned and serviced by the cleared from the ends of each see- City of Fairhope, with the follow- tion of pipe with a reamer, so as to ing exception: prevent choking of the flow of gas. Any home or building owner who All pipe threads should be clear requests a permit to install in his of all burs before making connec- own home or building any gas pipe tions. and gas appliance, and who in the A non -hardening ,pipe joint com- opinion of the Gas Inspector, is fa- pound may be used sparingly in miliar with the requirements of this making pipe connections. White code concerning the proper instal- lead or any other such hardening lation of the same and who is cap- compound should not be used. able of making the proper installa- All connections between the stop- tion, shall be issued a permit for cock and the appliance, which are the necessary gas pipe and appli- not tested under the compressed ance installation without the ne- air test, must be checked for cessity of having been licensed by leaks by a check for movement the City of Fairhope ,as a certi- of the meter test dial and a solu- fied gas fitter, tion of soap and water applied to . A license will be issued to a such each new pipe connection. qualified gas fitter upon payment of All gas pipe or tubing shall be a fee of $2.00 for the first year. 3/8 inch or larger. There will be a renewal fee of $1.00 All defective pipe or fittings must for each succeeding year. All as- be replaced with new materials. sistants of such license shall be No bushings shall be used for re - under direct supervision of said ducing pipe sizes, only reducers license. may be used. SECTION 2. BUSINESS LI- CENSE. Any person engaged in SECTION 6. APPL:IANCE IN- STALLATIONS (DOMESTIC). All the business of gas installation and appliances connected to the Fair - construction shall be required to hope Gas System must be approved have a business license for this by the American Gas Association purpose, and also have a valid gas or other such recognized a ency. fitter's license. SECTION 3. PERMITS. An ap- Every gas burner shall be ad- plication for a permit shall be re- justed so as to burn, as near as possible, its rated input. ^,aired or escL• gas instapatinn to Before leaving the prenses, qua ;be matte with the following excep t ue individual installer of an rppllance oe apPl refrigerat'of w rt�nge, 3lotplate, or refrigerator, rL,ng , n(„ ; must clear all a:r uo� 1 +}le• gas lines by the process of "bleed - where the required length of pipe ing" at each appliance. The install- for sucb. installation does not ex- er must also adjust every appliance ceed six (6) foot, or the instal- properly and che•_l: lts operation lation of a portable space heater thoroughly and instruct Vio cu:;to- whore the gas pipe has been pre- mer fully as to the safe and prop- ,.viously run to within six (6) feet er operation of each appliance. �qf heater location. When such in. All water heaters must be pro dividual installation is made the flan Inspector must be notified by vided with a reseating pressure - temperature relief valve located in It installer as to the type of ap- the hot water line not over six (6) pliance installed. inches from the tank outlet with a Permit application blanks will be blow -off pipe of not less than riw furnished to all licensees by the half (%) inch diameter with u(, Gab Inspector. These applications shut-off valve in the line and the must give a complete description of outlet and without threads. When the work to be performed (includ- possible this blow -off shall go to the ing a piping layout for heating outside and to within twelve (12) equipment installations) and the inches of the ground. location of the premises where the installation is to be made. Aper- SECTION 7. HEATING EQUIP- mit will be issued upon approval MENT. The concentration of oxy- of such application and the pay- gen in the flue products of a cou- uu:nt of a fee of $1,50. verson burner installation, shall SECTION 4. INSPECTIONS. in no case, be less than five per Application fa an inspection by cent, nor more than eight per cent. the GK4 Juspector, must bo made The gas input rate shall be ad - by 9 A. M. on or before the day justed to within plus or minus the inspection is to be made. five per cent of 1.5 times the cul- In the presence of the Gas In- culated hourly BTU heat logs of the building in which it is installed snector, all piping up to the stop- cock at each appliance shall be fill- but, in no case, to a value in ax- ed with air at a pressure of five cczs of five per cent above the by (5) pounds per square inch, and the piping must maintain this pres- maximum input rate specified the manufacturer. When the pro - ,or C►ve t5) minutes. All , in- vailwg rreRanre 94 less Ing uzust conform to the specifics- manifold prejbure specified, t.,o twins of tbib ordinance. Duo rate shall be adjusted at the When this inspection has been prevailing pressure. The appliau.:c completed,and the piping sybteni is I shall ba allowed to operate until approved by the Gas Inspector, the the stock temperature becomes sta gas may be turned into the house bilized, after which a sample of the piping system. flue products shall be taken at a An additional inspection shall point in the flue after the outlet of be made after all appliances have the appliance but ahead of the draft been connected and adjusted. If hood, and analyzed for carbon diox- ;for any reason an installation does ide or oxygen. nut pass these inspections, an ad- The gas input rate shall be ad- inspection shall be made justed to within plus or minus five after the installation has been per cent of the required hourly BTU input rating at .the manifold lditional changed so as to conform to speci- fications. An inspection fee will pressure specified by the manufac- be charged for each additional in- turer. opection made. A certificate of in- SECTION 8. FLOOR FURNA- spection will be issued for each CES, (a) Where the distance from approved installation. The inspec- the ground level at a floor furnace 'tion fee is $1.50. location is less than the depth of SECTION 5. PIPING SPECIFI- the furnace, a water -proof pit shall CATIONS. All pipe shall be of ad- be provided with the foUowing mini - equate size to pass the rated input mum inside dim3iisions: of gas to each appliance. The Twelve inches from the furnace following table may be used for to the sides of the pit on all sides .determining the size of pipe for except the control side where the each appliance. clearance shall be not less than Cubic Feet of Gas Per Hour twenty-four inches from the bot- 0.3 In. pressure drop and 0.60 Sp. gr. tom of the furnace to the botto Natural Gas — 1000 BTU per cubic of the pit. The sides of the foot. shall extend approximately to Length Diameter inches above the level of the of pipe of pipe inches ground surrounding the pit. ft. 1/2" 3-4" 1" 1%" 1j� " (b) Where the distance from the 15 76 172 •345 750 1230 ground level to the floor joists at 30 52 120 241 535 850 the floor furnace location is less 46 43 99 199 435 700 than twenty-four inches, a water 160 38 85 173 380 610 proof pit shall be provided with the .5 77 155 345 545 following dimensions: 90 70 141 310 490 Twenty-four inches from the 105 65 131 285 450 sides of the furnace to the sides 120 120 270 420 of the pit except on the control 1160 109 242 380 side and the vent side. On the con - I Under no condition shall the line trol aide, the minimum clearance to the gas range be less than 34", from the side of the furnace to the i The service line (from the main to side of the .pit shall be thirty-six e fed to the lions, my hope and r, sex. is Aha1 :tl`A ooner we come Rri,,s with Ivan ai. Joe person- ly, the better. Why waYLl;until he tilds his own Hach bomb.' Your correspondent who is hink- g of rejoining the human e— it will still have him. Sheldon. SPLASH This Is - Your Paper Not All Pictures Are Good Ones By William R. Nelson APICTURE may or may not be worth "10,000 words", as the Chinese proverb claims, but it cer- tainly represents a pretty penny in costs, time, space and judgment, if published in a newspaper. In addi- tion, it is seldom desirable to re- ublish a picture, so all of the ef- ort, time and money expended is or a single use. Editors appreciate the interest hown when readers suggest pub - cation of pictures, and they com- ly as often as possible. But pub- ishing a picture in a newspaper is of as easy as it may seem. Pictures are Pictures only "worth Are 10,000 words" News, Too when they con- vey desired in. ormdtion. That immediately classi- fies them as news and means they hould be selected for their news alue. Unless a photograph is of omeone or some event currently n the news, publication has little r no meaning. Assuming that a picture has news value, it then must be of such qual- ity it will reproduce well in the paper. Many photographs which are entirely satisfactory for an album cannot be reproduced distinctly enough to be recognizable in a news- aper. Publishing such pictures is disappointing waste of space, ef- ort and money. There are other factors, too, such s permission of those in the pic- ure for its publication, its news alue or the amount of interest in t among the paper's readers, and hether there is time to make a cut. If not taken No Place specifically for for the paper, on Incongruity its order, a photograph may not be timely and therefore its use may seem incongruous. Even if timely but received too late to get a cut made, it may not be practical to use it in a later issue ecause reader interest will have waned by then. For these and many other rea- sons, the editor is always the best judge of whether or not a picture can be or should be published. If the paper publishes other pic- tures, some not local in origin, in the very issue for which your's was rejected, it is well to remember that in addition to the above fac- tors, there is still another. It is that some pictures, always of news value, are furnished to the paper in forms that make their use easy and Inexpensive, because they are al- so supplied to many other newspa- pers. How to Antique An antique finish is frequently ap- plied to wall surfaces and furniture to produce an appearance of age and to accentuate the designs of carvings and mouldings. The ma. terial used for the purpose, general- ly compo' ,raw lumber and glazing liqui is brushed on the surface and immediately wiped off with a cloth, working away from the center of the object toward the edges —or removing it from the nigh points of the carvings or �b A finish coat of light varnish is usually applied. Paper From Tobacco Paper probably could be made from tobacco. Most organic plant materials can be used for the manu- facture of paper, as a source of cellulose. In the process of chemi- cal digestion used to obtain it, many of the other constituents are removed. Probably tobacco could be used in a similar way, though pa- per so made would not show many of the characteristics of tobacco, since the constituents responsible fcr these would be removed in the manufacturing process. The President estimates the def- icit in the national budget this year of five billion dollars. This is more BILLBOARDS Road Safety Fig h t Starved WASHINGTON. — The sporadic war against the nation's billboards by America's nature lovers and others is about to get underway again. It will be sparked by the Ameri- can Automobile association, with 10 million members, which has de- cided to launch once again the campaign it dropped when the war started —and, once again, outdoor advertising interests are rallying to buck it. The National Roadside council, one of the oldest organizations in the anti -billboard fight, is gather- ing new ammunition through high- way surveys. Originally the fight of the anti - billboard groups was just against billboards. Now, billboards are seldom mentioned. The new line is to work for general roadside pro- tection and improvement to pro- mote motoring safety, highway effi- ciency and to protect property val- ues as well as save the scenery. This is the general theme of the AAA program which seeks adop- tion by all states of highway zoning plans. Formidable Foes One reason for this is that the outdoor advertising people have put up such a consistently success- ful fight against any curbs on their business that they are recognized as formidable antagonists. The U. S. public roads adminis- tration is taking no part in the con- test, although it is providing bil- lions of dollars to help finance the state's construction of the national highway network. The viewpoint of the public roads administration is that it has no legal right to insist that states pass legislation designed to restrict outdoor advertising in order to get Federal road aid. The research staff of the public roads administration, however, has provided state highway officials with facts about highway reading matter. One of the research chiefs, David R. Levin, recently reported these sample statistics: (1)—On U S. 1 north of Philadel- phia a motorist traveling at 50 miles an hour passes one highway sign every second. (2) — Between Baltimore and Washington 2,430 commercial signs and billboards are peppered along 30.5 miles. (3)—On 300 miles of U. S. 1 out side of towns in Florida were counted 1,000 billboards, 6,000 sign- boards and 14,000 signs on trees and business pl%res. Danger Cited "In ad3i:ioi to aesthetic consid- erations, the billboard is a danger wrerever it obstructs sight d9stance below the minimum established stanaard," Levin said. Many states, counties and towns have adopted some form of restric- tive regulations to prevent bill- boards from becoming a menace. And the outdoor advertising people have often voluntarily cooperated with local officials to prevent erec- tion of signs that would obviously constitute a hazard. Actually, there appears to be no strong proof as yet that highway advertising is closely linked with highway safety. The most recent publication on the subject is a progress report by a Michigan com- mission. It concluded that, of the advertising signs, "only those whirl, were illuminated, including neon and flashing neon, showed any ap- preciable association with accident locations." Facts About Utah Utah ;s planning giant dams to in- crease its electric power. The state will probably take a leading part in the production of synthetic fuel from its tremendous coal reserves extending for 13 thousand square miles. The resins contained in Utah's Huntington and Salina Can- yon coals already go into lacquers and varnishes. Utah is the world's only producer of gilsonite, wurtzil- ite, and ozokerite, or natural bees- wax. With Colorado, it produces vir- tually all United States uranium and has enormous deposits of pot- ash and phosphorus, vital fertilizer constituents. From its Great Salt lake comes an important supply of salt. By itself, it is estimated, Utah could supply the world for 1,000 years with commercial gypsum. than the entire budget for all pur- poses in 1933. �It�Rl�OAOD CHDCKLIES • from 1 HOPE THE BOSS GET) SOME PURINA NKS AND THOSE THIS IS HANGING FEEDERS 616 1IWV LETS GO SEE ON "S, FEED 6 v L inches„and ,:lop t Wtb twelve, iaehesR,.,Tminimum dt t*61ve' in he't bottom of the furnace to tom of the pit. The sides of the pi.. shall extiond approximately four Inches above the level of tho grounds. (c) Where the distance of tae ,ground level to the floor joists ai: {{ the floor furnace location is lose than eighteen inches, sinter -prod -pit as specified in Section (b) shill be provided and there shall ab�o I be provided an access door to t'ie floor furnace location from the ; SECTION 9. VMNiTS?, s ;venters r�anigg tlx6iklil,�o ing wall or any othe f- partition shall 'be 4'rh `I t� r fireproof tilltdbi wtth`'a 12I's (1) inch air space between the vent pipe and thimble on all sides. Vent pipe, such as Metal-bestos, must have at least one (1) inch clear- ance from combustible material. i Vents from floor furnaces, -- --r heaters, and space heaters m u,A have a clearance of at least thrc.o (3) inches from any combustibly material for a distance of. at La_' . three (3) feet from the draft h"lm 1. —All-vents-must. be of..rop:.L�•�''.,' !allowing. at Ieast one ( 3 pinch dbtit area'3or e�aha , 1 per hour input�,of the bur y tented, or #hhll' the the S-aFii as. the appltance ma 1if41*1A-"~ collar or his specifications w n -- i (such is provided. There shall be no damper :pl%"ft in the vent or flue serving .iy gas appliance. Alb horizontal runs of vont :: A' not be over fifteei, (15) f. ^'.. Li of length and must have at least one - quarter Q/4) inch rise r,er--- c;-1 foot from the appliance vent. cmlbjr. All horizontal runs over ten (1a) feet shall be fastened in pl-ic-. v.!Lh metal straps. All joints of met:,i three �( RiW j 0ift 40WRIVI In gem sAl tine f oul 4 a�4.. w, be Pla m 4ei 1., o a I All appliance pressure regulator (regulators used for maintaining proper manifold pressure ut the appliance) must be vented with x` inch tubing into the combustible chamber of the appliance with which it is used. SECTION 10. All Liquefied Pe- troleum Gas Installations must be as per the Standards of the Nation- al Board of Fire Underwriters. 0